What are the components of the disaccharide lactose?

Lactose is a disaccharide that consists of two monosaccharides: glucose and galactose. When lactose is consumed, the body breaks it down into these two components for absorption. This is significant in the digestive process, especially for individuals who lactose intolerance, as their bodies lack the enzyme lactase required to break down lactose into glucose and galactose. Understanding the composition of lactose is important for nutrition professionals when advising clients about dietary choices, particularly those related to dairy products.